Measles is extremely contagious air borne viral infection caused by Rubeola virus. It usually presents as rhinitis, cough, red eyes, fever, small greyish-white spots on the buccal mucosa (Koplik spots), blotchy maculopapular rash over forehead, neck and can spread to trunk and extremities. It is very infectious for 4 days before the onset of symptoms and upto 4 days after the appearance of rash. It is a vaccine preventable disease. In adults it can lead to life threatening complications like pneumonia, encephalitis.
Medications:
- Tab. Dolo 650 (Paracetamol 650 mg) 1 tablet 3-4 times a day for fever.
- Lotion Lactocalamine (contains Zinc Oxide) – apply over itchy areas as needed.
- Antiviral medication – Ribavarin for immunocompromised patients can be considered. Please take expert’s opinion on this matter.
General advice:
- Inform the public health department about incidence of measles.
- Ensure airborne isolation for at least 4 days after the rash.
- Advice bed rest during acute phase and plenty of oral fluids.
- Suggest steam inhalation to loosen the respiratory secretions.
Investigations:
- Complete blood count – in severe cases pancytopenia with thrombocytopaenia, leukopenia can occur.
- Liver function test – to rule out raised transaminases.
Referral:
Consider referral to infectious disease consultant in severe cases and for adult population.