Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects humans and animals through the contact with water contaminated with urine of infected animals. It is caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. Without treatment, leptospirosis can lead to renal failure, meningitis, liver failure, respiratory distress, and even death.
Medications:
- Cap. Microdox-LBS (Doxycycline 100 mg, Lactobacillus-5billion spores) 1 capsule twice a day for 7 days.
- Tab. Dolo 650 (Paracetamol 650 mg) 1 tablet 3 – 4 times a day.
- Tab. Redic 10 (Dicyclomine 10 mg) 1 tablet thrice a day (15 minutes before meals) for 2 weeks for abdominal pains.
- Tab. Domstal (Domperidone 10 mg) 1 tablet thrice a day for nausea and vomiting.
- In severe cases, give inj. Monocef 2gm (Ceftriaxone 2 gm) i.v. once a day for 7 days.
General advice:
- Bed rest during acute phase.
- Regular follow up till condition improves.
- Eat nutritious diet.
- Maintain adequate hydration.
- Advice low fat and normal protein diet in case of jaundice.
Investigations:
- Serum microscopic agglutination test (MAT) – to detect serotype-specific antibodies.
- Complete blood count – to identify systemic infection.
- Liver function test – to rule out liver impairment.
- Renal function test – to rule out renal impairment.
- Serum solid-phase assay – to detect Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies.
Referrals:
Consider referring the patient to secondary care if there is inadequate response to above therapies or if patient presents with additional complications.